Depression Symptoms Amongst Older Brazilian and Chinese Women Submitted to Different Social Distancing Measures Rigidness during COVID-19 Outbreak.

BACKGROUND: It is plausible that depression symptoms and disrupting sleep quality were differently affected according to the rigidity of social distancing during the COVID-19 outbreak. OBJECTIVE: To describe and compare depression symptoms and sleep quality amongst older Brazilian and Chinese women who were submitted to different social distancing measures (less rigid (Brazil) versus more rigid (China)). METHODS: This observational cross-sectional study assessed urban older women who underwent home confinement with less (Brazil; n=1015) or more (China; n=644) rigidity. Socio-demographic correlates, general health information, depression symptoms [Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS15)], and sleep quality [Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI)] were assessed through interviews. RESULTS: 1659 older women (66.74 ± 5.48 years old; 38.8% Chinese; 61.2% Brazilian) were included for analysis. 22% of Brazilians and 19.6% of Chinese women presented depression symptoms. The frequency of bad sleepers was 56.4% and 37.7% amongst Brazilian and Chinese older women, respectively. After adjusting for socio-demographic variables, general health status, and PSQI global score, Chinese women had a significantly higher score of depression symptoms (3.88 ± 0.13) compared to the Brazilians (3.26 ± 0.10; p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The frequency of poor sleep quality was very high regardless of the country. After adjusting for confounders and sleep quality, older Chinese women had a significantly superior score. of depression symptoms exacerbating psychological distress by confinement rigidness.

Acute and chronic cardiometabolic responses induced by resistance training with blood flow restriction in HIV patients.

Resistance training with blood flow restriction (RTBFR) allows physically impaired people living with HIV (PWH) to exercise at lower intensities than traditional resistance training (TRT). But the acute and chronic cardiac and metabolic responses of PWH following an RTBFR protocol are unknown. The objective was to compare the safety of acute and chronic effects on hemodynamic and lipid profiles between TRT or RTBFR in PWH. In this randomized control trial, 14 PWH were allocated in RTBFR (GRTBFR; n = 7) or TRT (GTRT; n = 7). Both resistance training protocols had 36 sessions (12 weeks, three times per week). Protocol intensity was 30% (GRTBFR) and 80% (GTRT). Hemodynamic (heart rate, blood pressure) and lipid profile were acutely (rest and post exercise 7th, 22nd, and 35th sessions) and chronically (pre and post-program) recorded. General linear models were applied to determine group * time interaction. In the comparisons between groups, the resistance training program showed acute adaptations: hemodynamic responses were not different (p > 0.05), regardless of the assessment session; and chronicles: changes in lipidic profile favors GRTBFR, which significantly lower level of total cholesterol (p = 0.024), triglycerides (p = 0.002) and LDL (p = 0.030) compared to GTRT. RTBFR and TRT induced a similar hemodynamic adaptation in PWH, with no significant risks of increased cardiovascular stress. Additionally, RTBFR promoted better chronic adequacy of lipid profile than TRT. Therefore, RTBFR presents a safe resistance training alternative for PWH.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT02783417; Date of registration: 26/05/2016.

Normalizing calf circumference to identify low skeletal muscle mass in older women: a cross-sectional study / Normalización de la circunferencia de la pantorrilla para identificar la masa muscular esquelética baja en las mujeres mayores: un estudio transversal

Introduction: functional limitation is a result of sarcopenia and is associated with loss of skeletal muscle mass (SMM). Cost-effective methods are important for the identification of sarcopenia. Objective: to propose cutoff points for normalized calf circumference (CC) in order to identify low SMM in older women based on their functional limitation.Methods: in this descriptive, cross-sectional study the CC values of a young female sample (n = 78) were used to establish cutoff points (-2 SD) for low SMM in older women (n = 67). Functional limitation was identified by the six-minute walk test (≤ 400 m). CC was normalized by body mass, height, and BMI. The diagnostic accuracy of CC was calculated with a ROC curve, using functional limitation as standard. Results: cutoff points and area under the curve (AUC) were: CC (≤ 28.5; 0.62); CC·body mass-1 (≤ 0.40; 0.63); CC·height-2 (≤ 8.52; 0.55) and CC·BMI-1 (≤ 1.10; 0.73). Only CC·BMI-1 achieved a desirable accuracy (AUC > 0.7) to distinguish functional limitation. Conclusion: the accuracy attained supports the use of CC·BMI-1 to identify low SMM in older women. In the clinical context it is possible to predict the risk of sarcopenia when sophisticated methods for determining SMM are not available. (AU)

Introducción: la limitación funcional es consecuencia de la sarcopenia y se asocia con la pérdida de masa muscular esquelética (MME). Los métodos rentables son importantes para la identificación de la sarcopenia. Objetivo: proponer puntos de corte para la circunferencia de la pantorrilla (CP), normalizada para identificar un MME bajo en mujeres mayores en función de su limitación funcional. Métodos: en este estudio descriptivo de carácter transversal se utilizaron los valores de CP de una muestra de mujeres jóvenes (n = 78) para establecer los puntos de corte (-2 DS) de la MME baja en las mujeres mayores (n = 67). La limitación funcional se identificó mediante la prueba de la marcha de seis minutos (≤ 400 m). La CP se normalizó por la masa corporal, la altura y el IMC. La precisión diagnóstica de la CP se calculó con la curva ROC, utilizando como estándar la limitación funcional. Resultados: los puntos de corte y el área bajo la curva (AUC) fueron: CP (≤ 28,5; 0,62); CP·masa corporal-1 (≤ 0,40; 0,63); CP·altura-2 (≤ 8,52; 0,55) y CP·IMC-1 (≤ 1,10; 0,73). Solo el CP·IMC-1 logró la precisión deseable (AUC > 0,7) para distinguir la limitación funcional. Conclusión: la precisión alcanzada respalda el uso de CP·IMC-1 para identificar la MME baja en las mujeres mayores. En el contexto clínico es posible predecir el riesgo de sarcopenia cuando no se dispone de métodos sofisticados para determinar la MME. (AU)

Atuação do profissional de educação física no sistema único de saúde: revisão sistemática / Physical educator's performance in the unified health system: a systematic review / Actuación del profesional de educación física en el sistema único de salud: revisión sistemática

Objetivo: Descrever e analisar os tipos de atuação do profissional de Educação Física no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo de revisão sistemática da literatura realizado nos bancos de dados Google Acadêmico e Scielo. Foram analisadas publicações entre os anos de 2005 e 2016 por meio dos descritores: Sistema Único de Saúde, Atividade Física e Educação Física. Resultados: Foram encontrados inicialmente 85 artigos, dos quais somente 12 se enquadraram nos critérios de inclusão e entraram nesta revisão. Poucos estudos (n=4) documentam a atuação do profissional de Educação Física no SUS, a qual está voltada prioritariamente à população idosa e realizada de forma curativa. Conclusão: Considerando que o profissional de Educação Física no SUS tem sua participação restrita a apenas alguns tipos de atuação, ela necessita aumentar em abrangência e espectro de forma considerável, de modo a intervir em diferentes grupos populacionais e contribuir significativamente com a promoção da saúde.

Objective: To describe and analyze types of professional practice of physical educators in the Unified Health System (Sistema Único de Saúde ­ SUS). Methods: Systematic literature review carried out on Google Scholar and Scielo. Publications from 2005 to 2016 were selected using the following descriptors: Unified Health System, Exercise and Physical Education. Results: A total of 85 studies were found, but only 12 met the inclusion criteria and were included in this review. Few studies (n=4) address the professional practice of Physical Educators in the SUS, which is primarily targeted at older people and curative treatments. Conclusion: Considering that Physical Educators' participation in the SUS is restricted to only some types of professional practice, there is a need to increase in a considerable way its comprehensiveness and spectrum so that they can intervene in different population groups and significantly contribute to health promotion.

Objetivo: Describir y analizar los tipos de actuación del profesional de Educación Física del Sistema Único de Salud (SUS). Métodos: Se trata de un estudio de revisión sistemática de la literatura realizado en los bancos de datos del Google Académico y Scielo. Fueron analizadas las publicaciones entre 2005 y 2016 a través de los descriptores: Sistema Único de Salud, Actividad Física y Educación Física. Resultados: A principio se encontraron 85 artículos de los cuales solamente 12 se encuadraron en los criterios de inclusión y entraron para la revisión. Pocos estudios (n=4) documentan la actuación del profesional de la Educación Física en el SUS la cual está dirigida prioritariamente para la población mayor y realizada de manera curativa. Conclusión: Considerando que el profesional de Educación Física del SUS tiene su participación restricta a solamente algunos tipos de actuación, hay la necesidad del aumento de su utilización y espectro de manera considerable para intervenir en distintos grupos de población y contribuir de manera significativa para la promoción de la salud.